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Learning Disorders in Children

​Learning disorders in children are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions that affect a child’s ability to acquire, process, store, or use information efficiently. These difficulties are not a reflection of intelligence or effort. Children with learning disorders often have average or above-average intelligence but learn differently.

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Learning disorders can impact key academic skills such as reading, writing, mathematics, reasoning, attention, and organization. Early identification and timely support can significantly improve a child’s academic progress, emotional well-being, and social functioning.

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Common Types of Learning Disorders

1. Dyslexia

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Primary difficulty: Reading and language processing

Children with dyslexia may experience challenges in:

  • Decoding and recognizing words

  • Reading fluently

  • Understanding written text

Common signs include:

  • Difficulty recognizing familiar words

  • Poor spelling

  • Slow or effortful reading

  • Reduced reading comprehension

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2. Dysgraphia

Primary difficulty: Writing and written expression

Children with dysgraphia may struggle with:

  • Handwriting and letter formation

  • Organizing thoughts on paper

  • Spelling and grammar

Common signs include:

  • Poor or inconsistent handwriting

  • Difficulty structuring written work

  • Avoidance of writing tasks

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3. Dyscalculia

Primary difficulty: Mathematical understanding

Children with dyscalculia may find it hard to:

  • Understand numbers and quantities

  • Perform calculations

  • Apply mathematical reasoning

Common signs include:

  • Difficulty grasping basic math concepts

  • Trouble with calculations and word problems

  • Poor understanding of time, money, or measurements

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4. Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NVLD)

Primary difficulty: Visual-spatial and nonverbal processing

Children with NVLD may experience challenges in:

  • Visual-spatial tasks

  • Motor coordination

  • Interpreting nonverbal cues

Common signs include:

  • Difficulty understanding body language or facial expressions

  • Poor coordination

  • Problems with organization and planning

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Signs and Symptoms of Learning Disorders

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Learning disorders may present in several ways, including:

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Academic Difficulties

  • Persistent struggles in specific subjects despite adequate teaching

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Low Self-Esteem and Emotional Distress

  • Frustration, anxiety, or loss of confidence related to schoolwork

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Behavioral Concerns

  • Avoidance of school tasks

  • Irritability or behavioral outbursts linked to academic stress

Social Difficulties

  • Challenges in peer interactions or understanding social cues

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Diagnosis and Assessment

A comprehensive evaluation is essential to accurately diagnose learning disorders. Assessment is usually conducted by a clinical psychologist, educational psychologist, or psychiatrist and may include:

  • Psychological and educational testing to assess cognitive abilities, academic skills, and information processing

  • Parent and teacher interviews to understand the child’s learning environment and challenges

  • Review of academic performance across subjects and settings

A thorough assessment helps differentiate learning disorders from other concerns such as attention difficulties, emotional issues, or inadequate instruction.

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Interventions and Support

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Learning disorders are best managed through individualized, multi-disciplinary interventions, which may include:

Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)

  • Customized learning plans with classroom accommodations

Specialized Instruction

  • Targeted teaching strategies focused on the child’s specific learning needs

Therapeutic Interventions

  • Occupational therapy, speech therapy, or psychological support when required

Skill-Building Strategies

  • Techniques to strengthen academic skills, executive functioning, and coping abilities

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Support for Parents and Families

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At Vriddhi, we believe family involvement is central to effective care.

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Parent Education

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  • Guidance on understanding learning disorders and supporting learning at home

 

Advocacy Support

  • Assistance in navigating school systems and accessing appropriate accommodations

 

Emotional Support

  • Counseling and guidance to help families manage stress and concerns

 

Conclusion

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Early identification and timely intervention can make a profound difference in the lives of children with learning disorders. With the right support, children can develop effective learning strategies, build confidence, and reach their full academic and social potential.

If you are concerned about your child’s learning or development, a professional assessment can provide clarity and direction.

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Vriddhi Centre for Mental Health offers comprehensive assessment and evidence-based support for children and families navigating learning difficulties.

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